卫生部、交通部 等


中华人民共和国国境口岸卫生监督办法(附英文)

1982年2月4日，卫生部、交通部、中国民航管理局、铁道部

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了加强国境口岸和国际航行交通工具的卫生监督工作，改善国境口岸和交通工具的卫生面貌，控制和消灭传染源，切断传播途径，防止传染病由国外传入和由国内传出，保障人民身体健康，根据《中华人民共和国国境卫生检疫条例》第三条的规定，制定本办法．
第二条 本办法适用于对外开放的港口、机场、车站、关口（下称国境口岸）和停留在这些处所的国际航行的船舶、飞机和车辆（下称交通工具）．

第二章 国境口岸的卫生要求
第三条 国境口岸应当建立卫生清扫制度，消灭蚊蝇孳生场所，设置污物箱，定期进行清理，保持环境整洁．
第四条 国境口岸的生活垃圾应当日产日清，设置的固定垃圾场，应当定期清除；生活污水不得任意排放，应当做到无害化处理，以防止污染环境和水源．
第五条 对国境口岸的建筑物，有关部门应当采取切实可行的措施，控制病媒昆虫、啮齿动物，使其数量降低到不足为害的程度．
第六条 候船室、候机室、候车室、候检室应当做到地面整洁、墙壁无尘土、窗明几净、通风良好，并备有必要的卫生设施．
第七条 国境口岸的餐厅、食堂、厨房、小卖部应当建立和健 全卫生制度，经常保持整洁，做到墙壁、天花板、桌椅清洁无尘土．应当有防蚊、防蝇、防鼠和冷藏设备，做到室内无蚊、无蝇、无鼠、无蟑螂．
第八条 国境口岸的厕所和浴室应当有专人管理，及时打扫， 保持整洁，做到无蝇、无臭味．
第九条 国境口岸的仓库、货场应当保持清洁、整齐；发现鼠类有反常死亡时，应当及时向卫生检疫机关或地方卫生防疫部门报告．
第十条 做好国境口岸水源保护，在水源周围直径三十米内， 不得修建厕所、渗井等污染水源设施．

第三章 交通工具的卫生要求
第十一条 交通工具上必须备有急救药物、急救设备及消毒、 杀虫、灭鼠药物．必要时，船舶上还需安排临时隔离室．
第十二条 交通工具上的病媒昆虫和啮齿动物的防除：
（一）船舶、飞机、列车上，应当备有足够数量有效的防鼠装置；保持无鼠或鼠类数量保持不足为害的程度．
（二）应当保持无蚊、无蝇、无其他有害昆虫，一旦发现应当采取杀灭措施．
第十三条 交通工具上的厕所、浴室必须保持整洁，无臭味．
第十四条 交通工具上的粪便、垃圾、污水处理的卫生要求：
（一）生活垃圾应当集中放在带盖的容器内，禁止向港区、机场、站区随意倾倒，应当由污物专用车（船）集中送往指定地点进行无害化处理．必要时，粪便、污水须经过卫生处理后方能排放；
（二）来自鼠疫疫区交通工具上的固体垃圾必须进行焚化处理，来自霍乱疫区交通工具上的粪便，压舱水、污水，必要时实施消毒．
第十五条 交通工具的货舱、行李车、邮政车和货车的卫生要求：
（一）货舱、行李车、邮政车、货车应当消灭蚊、蝇、鼠、蟑螂等病媒昆虫和有害动物及其孳生条件；在装货前或卸货后应当进行彻底清扫，做到无粪便、垃圾．
（二）凡装载有毒物品和食品的货车，应当分开按指定地点存放，防止污染，货物卸空后应当进行彻底洗刷；
（三）来自疫区的行李、货物，要严格检查，防止带有病媒昆虫和啮齿动物．
第十六条 交通工具上的客舱、宿舱、客车的卫生要求：
（一）客舱、宿舱和客车应当随时擦洗，保持无垃圾尘土，通风良好；
（二）卧具每次使用后必须更换．卧具上不得有虱子、跳蚤、臭虫等病媒昆虫．

第四章 食品、饮用水及从业人员的卫生要求
第十七条 供应国境口岸和交通工具上的食品必须符合《中华人民共和国食品卫生管理条例》（注解：该条例已被一九八二年十一月十九日五届人大常委会通过的《中华人民共和国食品卫生法（试行）》明令废止，现按食品卫生法的有关规定执行．）的规定和食品卫生标准．
第十八条 凡供应国境口岸和交通工具上的饮用水必须符合我国规定的“生活饮用水卫生标准”．供应饮用水的运输工具、储存容器及输水管道等设备都应当经常冲洗干净，保持清洁．
第十九条 供应食品、饮用水的从业人员的卫生要求：
（一）患有肠道传染病的患者或带菌者，以及活动性结核病、化浓性渗出性皮肤病患者，不得从事食品和饮用水供应工作；
（二）从事食品、饮用水供应工作的人员，应当每年进行一次健康检查，新参加工作的人员，应当首先进行健康检查，经检查合格者，发给健康证；
（三）从事食品、饮用水供应工作的人员，要养成良好卫生习惯，工作时要着装整洁，严格遵守卫生操作制度．

第五章 国境口岸和交通工具的负责人的责任
第二十条 国境口岸和交通工具负责人在卫生工作方面的责任是：
（一）应当经常抓好卫生工作，接受卫生监督人员的监督和检查，并为其开展工作提供方便条件；
（二）应当模范地遵守本办法和其它卫生法令、条例和规定．
（三）应当按照卫生监督人员的建议，对国境口岸和交通工具的不卫生状况，及时采取措施，加以改进；
（四）在发现检疫传染病和监测传染病时，应当向国境卫生检疫机关或地方防疫部门报告，并立即采取防疫措施．

第六章 卫生监督机关的职责
第二十一条 国境口岸卫生检疫机关在当地人民政府的领导下，对国境口岸和交通工具进行卫生监督，其主要职责是：
（一）监督和指导国境口岸有关部门和交通工具的负责人对病媒昆虫、啮齿动物进行防除；
（二）对停留在国境口岸出入国境的交通工具上的食品、饮用水实施检验，并对运输、供应、贮存设施等系统进行卫生监督；
（三）对国境口岸和交通工具上的所有非因意外伤害致死的尸体，实施检查、监督和卫生处理；
（四）监督国境口岸有关部门和交通工具的负责人对粪便、垃圾、污水进行清除和无害化处理；
（五）对与检疫传染病，监测传染病有流行病学意义的环境因素实施卫生监督；
（六）监督国境口岸周围内采取防蚊措施的执行．
（七）开展卫生宣传教育，普及卫生知识，提高国境口岸和交通工具上的人员遵守和执行本办法的自觉性．
第二十二条 国境口岸卫生检疫机关设国境口岸卫生监督员一至五名，执行卫生监督任务，由思想品质好，工作认真负责的国境口岸卫生检疫机关领导干部、检疫医师以上的业务人员兼任．国境口岸卫生监督员，经卫生检疫机关推荐，省、自治区、直辖市卫生行政主管部门审核，由中华人民共和国卫生部委任，并发给《国境口岸卫生监督员证件》（式样附后）．
第二十三条 国境口岸卫生监督员持其证件，有权对国境口岸和交通工具的负责人，进行卫生监督、检查和技术指导；配合有关部门，对卫生工作情况不良或引起传染病传播的单位或个人，提出改进意见，协同有关部门采取必要措施，进行处理．

第七章 奖励和惩罚
第二十四条 国境口岸卫生检疫机关，对贯彻执行本办法和国家有关卫生法令、条例、规定，做出显著成绩的单位和个人，应当给予表扬和奖励．
第二十五条 国境口岸卫生检疫机关，对违犯本办法和有关卫生法令、条例、规定的单位和个人，应当根据不同情况，给予警告、罚款，直至提请司法机关依法惩处．

第八章 附 则
第二十六条 本办法自发布之日起施行．

附：
国境口岸卫生监督员证件式样
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中华人民共和国 | 此证根据中华人民共和
国境口岸卫生监督员证 | 国国务院文件
（国徽） | 国发（1981）号
中华人民共和国卫生部制发 | 批示监制
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85ｍｍ 正面（封面） 第二页
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| 相 | 姓名 性别 （注意事项另订） |
| | 年龄 籍贯 |
| 片 | 工作单位 |
|------| 职别 |
| 编号 字第 号 |
| 发证日期 年 月 日 |
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内第三页 内第四页
说 明
一、证件长为120ｍｍ，宽为85ｍｍ，用红色软皮塑料制成，正
面印有国徽图案，字体为金色印体字．
二、内页用卡片纸印成格式套在塑料皮内．
1、内第一页空白插入塑料皮内；
2、内第二页填写发证根据；
3、内第三页填写监督员自然情况；
4、内第四页填写监督员权力和职责；
5、内第五页空白填写［附记］二字；
6、内第六页空白插入塑料皮后面．

MEASURES CONCERNING SUPERVISION OF SANITATION AT BORDER PORTS OFTHE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
MEASURES CONCERNING SUPERVISION OF SANITATION AT BORDER PORTS OF
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Approved by the State Council on December 30, 1981 and promul-
gated by the Ministry of Public Health, Ministry of Communications,
General Administration of Civil Aviation of China and the Ministry of
Railways on February 4, 1982)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Measures are formulated, as required by Article 3 of the Frontier
Health and Quarantine Regulations of the People's Republic of China [*1],
to strengthen the supervision of sanitation at border ports and aboard
international means of transport, to improve their sanitary conditions and
to block up and extinguish sources of infection, cut off channels of
spreading, prevent infectious diseases from spreading into or out of the
country and protect the health of the people.
Article 2
These measures shall apply to sea ports, airports, railway stations and
passes open to the outside world (hereinafter generally referred to as
"border ports") and to international vessels, aircraft and vehicles
(hereinafter referred to as "means of transport") staying in these places.

Chapter II Sanitation Requirements at Border Ports
Article 3
A cleaning system shall be established in border ports to eliminate the
breeding grounds of flies and mosquitos, install litter bins and their
regular cleaning so as to keep the environment clean and tidy.
Article 4
Domestic refuse in border ports shall be removed every day and fixed
refuse dumps provided for that purpose shall be regularly cleared;
domestic sewage shall not be drained off indiscriminately and shall go
through disinfecting treatment so as to prevent the environment and water
sources from contamination.
Article 5
The departments concerned shall adopt feasible measures to reduce the
numbers of insect vectors and rodents to a harmless level in the buildings
of border ports.
Article 6
All floors of waiting rooms in piers, airports, stations and customs
houses shall be kept neat and clean, their walls dust-free and their
windows and tables bright and clean. They shall be well ventilated and
equipped with necessary sanitation facilities.
Article 7
A perfect sanitation system shall be established in restaurants, cafes,
canteens, dining rooms, kitchens, buffets and small shops in border ports
so as to regularly keep them clean and tidy and make their walls,
ceilings, tables and chairs clean and dustfree. The places shall be
provided with refrigeration equipment and equipment against mosquitos,
flies, mice and cockroaches and no such pests and rodents shall be found
inside these buildings.
Article 8
Attendants shall be put in charge of the toilets and bathrooms in border
ports, cleaning them regularly and keeping them clean and tidy so as to
rid them of flies and nasty odours.
Article 9
The warehouses, godowns and goods yards in border ports shall be kept
clean and tidy. When abnormal death of mice or rats is found, immediate
reports shall be given to health quarantine authorities or local public
health and epidemic prevention departments.
Article 10
The water sources for border ports shall be well protected and toilets,
seepage wells, etc. which will pollute the water sources shall not be
built within a distance of 30 meters in diameter from a water source.

Chapter III Sanitation Requirements for Means of Transport
Article 11
Means of transport shall be equipped with first-aid medicines and
equipment as well as disinfectants, insecticides and rodenticides. If
necessary, provisional quarantine rooms shall be arranged aboard ships.
Article 12
Provisions concerning the prevention and elimination of insect vectors and
rodents from means of transport:
(1) ships, aircraft and trains shall be provided with adequate preventive
measures against rodents so as to eliminate them or to reduce their
numbers to a harmless level;
(2) these means of transport shall be kept free from mosquitos, flies or
other harmful insects, which shall be eliminated upon discovery.
Article 13
The toilets and bathrooms on means of transport shall be kept clean, tidy
and free from unpleasant odours.
Article 14
The sanitation requirements for the disposal of excrement, urine, refuse
and sewage on means of transport are as follows:
(1) daily refuse shall be put in containers with covers, prohibited from
being dumped indiscriminately into port areas, airports or station areas
and must be removed by means of special refuse vehicles (or vessels) to
designated places for treatment. If necessary, excrement, urine and sewage
shall go through sanitary treatment before being disposed of;
(2) the refuse in solid form on board means of transport from epidemic
areas of plague shall be disposed of by incineration, while the excrement,
urine, ballast water and sewage on board means of transport from the
epidemic areas of cholera shall be sterilized if necessary.
Article 15
The sanitation requirements for cargo holds, luggage cars, postal cars and
freight cars of means of transport as well as trucks are as follows:
(1) such insect vectors and harmful animals as mosquitos, flies,
cockroaches and mice and conditions favourable for their breeding shall be
eliminated from cargo holds, luggage cars, postal cars, freight cars and
trucks which shall be thoroughly cleaned before goods are being loaded or
unloaded so as to be free of excrement, urine and refuse;
(2) the freight cars or trucks carrying poisonous substances and food
shall be placed separately in different designated places so as to avoid
contamination and shall be thoroughly cleaned after goods are completely
unloaded;
(3) the luggage and goods from epidemic areas shall be carefully examined
so that no insect vectors and rodents shall subsist therein.
Article 16
The sanitation requirements for passenger cabins, lodging cabins and
passenger cars of means of transport as well as passenger vehicles are as
follows:
(1) passenger cabins, lodging cabins, passenger cars and other passenger
vehicles shall be cleaned whenever necessary, kept free of refuse and dust
and well ventilated;
(2) beddings shall be replaced and washed after use each time and be free
of lice, fleas, bedbugs or other insect vectors.

Chapter IV Sanitation Requirements for Food, Drinking Water and Personnel Engaged in These Trades
Article 17
The food supplied to border ports and on means of transport shall conform
to the provisions in the Regulations of People's Republic of China on Food
Hygienic Control [*2] and food hygienic standards.
Article 18
The drinking water supplied to border ports and on means of transport
shall conform to Hygienic Standards of Drinking Water stipulated by the
state. The vehicles used in transporting drinking water as well as storage
containers and water pipelines shall be cleaned regularly and kept clean.
Article 19
The health requirements for personnel engaged in supplying food and
drinking water as follows:
(1) the patients or carriers of infectious intestinal diseases or
sufferers from active tuberculosis or suppurative exudative dermatosis
shall not be engaged in supplying food and drinking water;
(2) all personnel engaged in the supply of food and drinking water shall
go through a medical check-up every year. Those newly engaged in this work
shall first have a medical check-up and those proved up to the standard
shall be granted health certificates;
(3) the personnel engaged in the supply of food and drinking water shall
cultivate good hygienic habits, dress neatly and cleanly at work and
strictly abide by the hygienic operation system.

Chapter V The Duties of Persons in Charge of Border Ports and Means of Transport
Article 20
The duties of the officers in charge of border ports and means of
transport pertaining to sanitation and hygiene are as follows:
(1) to do a good job in keeping up to the sanitation and hygiene
standards, and be always ready for the supervision and inspection by the
sanitary supervision personnel and provide them with facilities for their
work;
(2) to play an exemplary role in abiding by these Measures and other
sanitation decrees, regulations and provisions;
(3) to promptly adopt remedial measures to change the unsanitary
conditions of border ports and the means of transport in accordance with
the advice of the sanitation supervisors;
(4) to report to the border health quarantine authorities or local
epidemic prevention department and immediately adopt epidemic prevention
measures when a quarantine infectious disease or a monitored one is found.

Chapter VI The Responsibilities of Sanitation Supervision Authori- ties
Article 21
The health quarantine authorities in border ports shall exercise
sanitation supervision over border ports and means of transport under the
leadership of local people's governments. Their major responsibilities
are:
(1) to supervise and direct the officers in charge of the departments
concerned in border ports and on means of transport in the prevention and
elimination of insect vectors and rodents;
(2) to examine the food and drinking water on board means of transport
parked in border ports and ready to cross border in both directions and
exercise sanitation supervision over systems of transport, supply and
storage facilities;
(3) to carry out examination, supervision and hygienic treatment of
persons who have died from causes other than accidents in border ports and
on board means of transport;
(4) to supervise the officers in charge of the departments concerned in
border ports and means of transport in the removal and treatment of
excrement, urine, refuse and sewage;
(5) to exercise sanitation supervision over environmental factors which
are of epidemiological significance to quarantine and monitored infectious
diseases;
(6) to monitor the implementation of the measures to prevent mosquitoes
from breeding in the vicinity of border ports; and
(7) to conduct hygiene publicity and education, spread hygiene knowledge
among people and heighten the consciousness of the personnel in border
ports and on means of transport to abide by and implement these Measures.
Article 22
A border port health quarantine organ shall be provided with 1 to 5 border
port sanitation supervisors to carry out the tasks of sanitation
supervision and such ports shall be concurrently held by the leading
cadres and professional personnel above the rank of quarantine doctor of
the border port health quarantine organ, who are of commendable
personality and great conscientiousness in work. Border port sanitation
supervisors shall be recommended by health quarantine authorities,
screened by the public health administration authorities of the provinces,
municipalities directly under the Central Government and autonomous
regions, and appointed by the Ministry of Public Health of the People's
Republic of China and granted Certificates of Border Port Sanitation
Supervisors.
Article 23
On the strength of their certificates, border port sanitation supervisors
shall have the right to exercise sanitation supervision, inspection and
technical guidance over the officers in charge of border ports and means
of transport; they may in conjunction with departments concerned, put
forward proposals for improvement to the units or individuals concerned
whose sanitation work is dissatisfactory and has resulted in the spread of
infectious disease and take necessary measures to deal with them in
conjunction with the departments concerned.

Chapter VII Rewards and Punishments
Article 24
Border port quarantine authorities shall commend and reward units and
individuals that have made remarkable achievements in the implementation
of these Measures and the state decrees, regulations and provisions
relating to public health.
Article 25
Border port health quarantine authorities shall, on the merit of each
case, warn or fine the units and individuals that have contravened these
Measures and the decrees, regulations and provisions relating to public
health and may submit the cases to the judicial organs for punishment
according to law.

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provision
Article 26
These Measures shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
Notes:
[*1] The said Regulations were nullified by Frontier Health and Quarantine
Law of the People's Republic of China adopted by the Standing Committee of
the Sixth National People's Congress on December 2, 1986, the Measures
shall be effective. [*2] The said Regulations were nullified by Food
Hygiene Law of the People's Republic of China (For Trial Implementation)
adopted by the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress
on November 19, 1982 and the Law shall apply instead - The Editor.


行走于成文与判例之间
——指导性案例的编纂与推广应用研究

唐 佼 洁


最高人民法院在《人民法院第二个五年改革纲要》中，明确提出了“建立和完善案例指导制度”，这标志着在我国现有法律体制上，构建案例指导制度已从争议的擂台走下并迈上具体实践的征程，考虑到我国现行的法律传统，要照搬英美法国家的判例制度，既缺乏历史渊源又不具备操作基础，因此，人民法院在不断总结审判经验的基础上，适当地引入案例指导制度，不但在一定程度上缓解了事物发展多样性与法律滞后性的矛盾，而且顺应了两大法系不断交叉、融合的主流趋势。究竟如何建立这一制度并逐步完善，实现从立法到司法之间的良性互动，尚需更多的探索和研究。笔者以指导性案例能够产生法律拘束力为前提对指导性案例的编纂和推广应用作了初步探讨。

一、指导性案例的编纂
1、发现机制
指导性案例，之所以能对其他类似案例产生指导意义，这与指导性案例典型性、复杂性、突破性、先决性分不开的。在入选标准方面，确定为指导性案例的应至少具备下列条件之一：（1）易发、多发案件，适用法律精当、有典型代表意义；（2）疑难复杂案件，裁量准确、有突出借鉴意义；（3）新类型案件，正确运用法律原则裁判，裁判理由和裁判结果对社会价值取向和未来法律发展有明显积极意义；（5）其他类型案件，对如何具体适用法律条款有普遍指导意义。要从纷繁复杂的各类案例中抽丝剥茧，去伪存真查找具有指导性的案例，需要一定程度法律素养，劳动强度之巨也是难以想象的，仅靠少数法官和审判委员会委员来发掘是完全不够的，笔者认为：首先应该建立一套下级法院向高级人民法院、最高法院上报指导性案例的机制，而这些指导性案例上报程序，与当前法院系统内部案例上报体制相比还是有着更高的制作标准和程序要求的，如所报案例必须附有判解意见，典型意义和指导性案件范围，以及需通过本院审委会讨论通过等；其次，最高人民法院和高级人民法院也可就亟待解决的法律适用问题或典型复杂、疑难案件情况进行分类汇总，确定案例指导的重点，向下级法院征集相关案例，有针对性地研究确认哪些案例能够成为指导性案例；再次，作为指导性案例发现方法的补充，各法律院校、律师团体及其他法律职业者，也可就指导性案例进行推荐，从而进一步拓宽指导性案例选送渠道。
2、审查机构
肖扬同志曾经在全国法院司法改革工作会议上强调：“最高人民法院建立推广案例指导制度；高级人民法院可以发布案例指导办案，但不宜同最高人民法院发布的案例相抵触”，由此可见，指导性案例的发布主体应限于最高人民法院和各高级人民法院。而指导性案例决定机构应该是最高人民法院和高级人民法院审判委员会，因为审判委员会的职责就是“总结审判经验，讨论重大或者疑难的案件和其他有关审判工作的问题”。近年来，理论界对法院审判委员会的质疑之声不绝于耳，然而，绝大多数的质疑集中于审委会只重视这三大职能中的第二项，即“讨论重大或者疑难的案件”，而忽略了审判委员会“总结审判经验”，“讨论其他有关审判的问题”这两项极其重要的职能，而相对于指导性案例而言，有可能是重大或者疑难案件，更重要的是研究如何将这些具有指导、示范意义的案件上升到审判经验，便于今后类似案件的具体操作。这就必须由审判委员会去发挥后两项被弱化的职能，实际操作中可采取如下模式：在日常事务性工作方面，可增设新的机构如“指导性案例编纂委员会”，并由一、两名审判委员会专职委员负责指导性案例的初步遴选工作，由其初步审定后，再由其提交到审委会讨论决定。
3、确定程序
在入选程序方面，各级人民法院可将已生效的符合上文中实体条件的案例逐级上报，但是所有报送候选的案例应由该级法院的审判委员会讨论通过，报送案例应按规定的格式撰写，并附有判决书，如前所述，对于审判实践中重大疑难问题与亟需解决的问题，最高人民法院也可以向各人民法院和社会上法律界人士如：律师、检察官、学者征集相关案例，从中择优选取。作为指导性案例上报的案例到达高级法院后，各高级人民法院应予以严格审查把关，有利于提高指导性案例的质量，并提高最高人民法院的工作效率，相应地最高人民法院和地方各高级人民法院也可以设立指导性案例方面的专职审委会委员的以减轻其他审委会委员的工作压力，讨论程序上指导性案例必须由最高人民法院和各高级人民法院的审判委员会多数通过。
4、撰写内容及框架
在美国，每一个判例，一般都由以下几部分组成：第一部分是判例的标题，例如：“××诉××”或者“关于××的破产案”等等，在标题后，便概述法院判决意见的概要，间或也包含律师的论据摘要，或案例报告人对事实的陈述，之后便是正文部分，这部分是法院的意见阐述，也就是法官对案件所阐发的判决理由，以及法律观点的分析，这些是判例中的权威性部分，核心要素，最后是判决的结论，如维持原判、反判、发回重审等等。至于我国指导性案例的撰写形式，笔者认为，现行最高人民法院公报所公布的案例形式较为可行，但重心和着眼点应落实在三个方面：一是裁判要旨必须突出裁判所衍生出的法律规则；二是突出裁判说理；三是要提炼出案件的关键词，尤其是案由和技术性语言，便于检索和查询。此外，应按照案例指导性的不同，区分类型，并根据情形不同区别编纂：如系法律法规整理的，将案例案号附于相关法律条之后；如系案例汇编的，可根据发布时间，相关法条秩序等方法予以汇编。但不管采取何种体例，其目的应只有一个，即为便于检索、援引。

二、指导性案例的推广应用
如前所述，案例指导制度在我国已具备了法律土壤和制度基础，最高法院和各地法院也在不断地探索案例指导制度从应然走向实然之路。如何实现指导性案例的内在价值，就成为了编纂者们最为迫切的内心需求。从目前我国法院的现状来看，法官对如何适用法律，已经轻车熟路，法官对各种法律规定与司法解释奉之为“金科玉律”，甚至沦为了工匠般的“法律奴婢”，这是大陆法传统“演绎推理”的负面效应在裁判方法上的体现，然而，在最高法院和各高级人民法院审判委员会将各类型典型案例进行提炼，升华为指导性案例后，如何又将指导性案例指导于具体实践，笔者认为应从以下几个方面革新。
1、发布载体
指导性案例既然要指导实践，要将规范作用延伸至各个司法层面和领域，就必须有更为广阔的发布平台。笔者认为，除保留目前的以最高法院发布公报以及各高级法院编纂案例汇编外，还应将有关指导性案例，以专栏的形式在最高人民法院官方网站（www.court.gov.cn）和中国法院网（www.chinacourt.org）及各省高级人民法院官方网站上进行刊载以便律师、学者、广大法律学习者、普通群众能随时查阅最具权威的指导性案例动态，进而指导法律实践工作。据了解，最高人民法院官方网站及中国法院网上虽然都有典型案件栏目，但明显不能适应指导性案例的发布要求，问题表现在：一是这些网站只是简单地将典型案例上传到网站上，并未标明这些案例是否有指导实践的意义，即是否有拘束力，使得这些典型案例成为可有可无，可参考也可规避的普通案例；二是发布的案例不符合相关格式要求，不论是最高法院官网还是中国法院网均出现仅反将案件判决书原封不动的复制到网络上，少数案件的判解讲评不够详尽、细致、说理部分欠缺论据，不能形成公信力；三是发布时间严重滞后，极少进行及时更新，最高法院官网的典型案例最新上传时间为2005年7月19日，也就是说，最近3年没有新的典型案件上传发布，典型案件发布几乎处于停滞状态，中国法院网出现相似情况，最新更新的案例也是在2007年6月25日上传的，其他各地高级人民法院网站上也鲜有指导性案例的定期发布机制，以致于网络科技迅猛发展的今天，法官和法律工作者却无法利用网络资源来了解新类型案件的最新进展，公众对指导性案例了解渠道相对闭塞造成了法治进程速度与社会经济高速发展极不协调。
2、识别与援引
案例的援引必须面对识别问题，即指导性案例何以可被援引为后案的裁判标准。在判例法系国家，判例的识别援引取决于系争案件与法定案型（或判例）之间的“类似性”程度的判断。笔者认为，由于案例指导制度主要焦点在于法律适用的合理性论证，其事实与结论之间的联结要求不如判例法要求那么严格，因此，在“类似性”的判断上不应存在较大的识别困难。
关于援引的表述问题。笔者认为，案例指导制度的重心在于论证适用法律的合理性，其作出裁判的依据仍应是相应法律条文规定。因此，指导性案例即使被援引，后来的案件作出裁判的依据仍应是法条，只不过前后两案所引用的法律条文应为同一而已。但为求司法受众、同行的信服以及出于法律监督角度，笔者建议在后案判决书后应附加记载指导性案例的案号。
3、拓展应用效果
基于我国属于大陆法系模式的原因，“法条至上”仍是法官群体长期以来形成的固有观念，大多数法官在找不到法律依据，法律规定不清楚或规定之间存在冲突时，没有从既往生效判决中寻找裁判思路的习惯，对于整个法院系统而言，更没有形成研究指导性案例，依据指导性案例进行裁判的浓厚氛围。因此，笔者认为，在人民法院内部，如何切实做到指导性案例指导审判实际，具体应做如下几点：一是加强法官培训学习。随着经济社会的高速发展，新类型案件，重大疑难案件层出不穷，直接导致了法律适用问题也如潮水般不断涌现，法官本身的知识库需要进一步更新，这就包括指导性案例的学习。一方面要通过理论培训，提高法官对指导性案例的认识，使他们逐步转变唯法条是从的观念，另一方面通过法官业务知识轮训，研究各指导性案例与所承办案件的内在联系，达到融会贯通，学以致用的效果。二是借鉴德国Juris系统的做法，所有判例均可从该系统查询，最高人民法院应开发一套指导性案例应用软件，并推广适用到全国各级法院，将指导性案例按不同的类别、案由进行分类，或按时间先后顺序排序，以及按不同地域划分，提炼关键词，目的在于方便搜索查询，便于操作，同时不断进行清理，对指导性案例与新颁布的法律、解释相冲突的案例应及时更新、移除，以避误导之嫌。